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英語詞類ppt

這是英語詞類ppt,包括了10種英語詞類,6種英語實(shí)詞,名詞的功能,形容詞(adjective,adj),形容詞的比較等級(jí),形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成等內(nèi)容,歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載。

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英語詞類講解 第二課 10種英語詞類 6種英語實(shí)詞(有實(shí)義):名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞 4種英語虛詞:冠詞、介詞、連詞和感嘆詞 6種英語實(shí)詞 1.名詞(noun,縮寫式為n) 普通名詞(common noun): 是某一類人、事物、某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱。 luggage, success, traffic 專有名詞(proper noun):是特定的某人、地方或機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱。專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫。 Tom, China, A Tale of Two Cities, March, Saturday 可數(shù)性:可數(shù)名詞(countable nouns)& 不可數(shù)名詞 (uncountable nouns) ①冠詞的使用 ②單復(fù)數(shù) s/es ③謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配 *集合類名詞:council ,government, group, jury, team, family 名詞的功能: 1.主語:The bags are in the desk. 2.賓語:I washed my clothes yesterday. 3.表語:This is a good book. 4.賓語補(bǔ)足語: We selected him our monitor. 5.介詞賓語: Mary lives with her parents. 6.定語:She is a Party member. women doctors meeting rooms 2. 動(dòng)詞(verb) 分類:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(行為動(dòng)詞),連系動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 基本形式:原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞 (1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞: 及物動(dòng)詞( transitive verb ): He's reading a magazine. 他正在讀一本雜志。(單賓語) Mr Zhang teaches us English. 張老師教我們英語。(雙賓語:us是間接賓語,English是直接賓語) 不及物動(dòng)詞( intransitive verb ): The sun rises. He works hard. 2. 動(dòng)詞(verb) (2)連系動(dòng)詞: be動(dòng)詞(is, am, are, was, were, have/has been) 感官系動(dòng)詞(feel,smell,taste,look,sound):后面一般加形容詞 變化系動(dòng)詞(become, get, grow, turn) :后面一般加形容詞 2. 動(dòng)詞(verb) (3)助動(dòng)詞: 最常用的助動(dòng)詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 1) 助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨(dú)使用 2) 助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用, a. 表示時(shí)態(tài),He has got married. b. 表示語態(tài),He was sent to England. c. 構(gòu)成疑問句,Do you like college life? d. 與否定副詞not合用,構(gòu)成否定句,I don't like him. e. 加強(qiáng)語氣,He did know that. 2. 動(dòng)詞(verb) (4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與動(dòng)詞原形一起使用,給謂語動(dòng)詞增添情態(tài)色彩,表示說話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法,認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。 must, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), need, dare, have (had, has) to, used to ①只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: must, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would) ②可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞: need, dare ③具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征: have (had, has) to, used to 3. 形容詞(adjective,adj) 用來表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞稱為形容詞 以-able, -al, -ful, -ish, -less, -ous, -y等后綴結(jié)尾的詞 功能: 1.定語: The high price surprised him. She told us something interesting.(后置定語) enough food, beautiful enough 2.表語: The sun was hot. 3.補(bǔ)語: They find the book quite interesting. 4.主語或賓語: The rich like living in the countryside. 5.狀語: Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. (= Whether it was wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. 3. 形容詞(adjective) 用來表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞稱為形容詞 以-able, -al, -ful, -ish, -less, -ous, -y等后綴結(jié)尾的詞 -ed 人的感受: tired, tiring; amazed, amazing; fascinated, fascinating; I was amazed at the variety of wonderful animals. -ing 引發(fā)情感的事物或人: It’s an absolutely amazing city to visit. Exercise 1: -ed, -ing: 1.I was really_____ (please) when I opened my present because it was just what I wanted. 2.The jungle was full of strange noises and I felt____(frighten) during the whole trip. 3. Having a warm bath can be very _____(relax) after exercise. 4. My trip through the jungle was the most _____ (excite) Adventure I’ve ever had. I can’t wait to go back. 注意: 一. 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。 2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 二. 用形容詞表示類別和整體 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry 三. 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序 限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --出處--材料性質(zhì),類別--名詞 a small round table;a tall gray building;a dirty old brown shirt;a famous German medical school 形容詞的比較等級(jí) 一. 原級(jí) 1)as…as 2)not as(so)…as 3)數(shù)詞+times +as+原級(jí)+as 二. 比較級(jí) 1)形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成: 單音節(jié)形容詞后加-er,以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加-r: short----shorter nice----nicer 2. 輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i加-er: heavy----heavier happy—happier 3.末尾是元輔結(jié)構(gòu),且重讀,雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-er: big----bigger hot----hotter 4. 部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在前面加more: athletic----more athletic 5. 部分形容詞不規(guī)則變化: good----better 形容詞的比較等級(jí) 二. 比較級(jí)的用法 1)比較級(jí)+than 2)比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí),more and more+原級(jí) 3)the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí) 4)the+比較級(jí) + of the two… 形容詞的比較等級(jí) 三. 最高級(jí) 1. 形容詞最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成: 1)單音節(jié)形容詞后加-est,以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加-st: 2)short----shortest nice----nicest 2. 輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i加-est: heavy----heaviest happy—happiest 3.末尾是元輔結(jié)構(gòu),且重讀,雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-est: big----biggest hot----hottest 4. 部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在前面加the most: athletic----the most athletic 5. 部分形容詞不規(guī)則變化: good----best 形容詞的比較等級(jí) 二. 最高級(jí)的用法 1)三者或三者以上比較,用the+最高級(jí)+名詞+范圍 This is the cleanest place of the city. 2)表示“最…之一”,用“on of the +形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)” This is one of the most interesting books that I’ve ever read. 一、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 4. 副詞(Adverb,adv) 副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、 介詞、連詞等單詞或短語,以說明動(dòng)作性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的特征的詞 (1)一般副詞主要分為以下幾種: ①時(shí)間副詞, 如: today, now, tomorrow, for 3 minutes ②地點(diǎn)副詞, 如: here, there, above, outside ③方式副詞, 如: hard, well, badly, fast, slowly ④程度副詞, 如: very, quite, much, still, almost ⑤頻率副詞, 如: often, always, sometimes, never (2) 疑問副詞(放在特殊疑問句的句首), 如: how, when, where, why (3) 關(guān)系副詞(放在定語從句句首), 如: when, where, why (4)連接副詞(放在名詞從句句首), 如: how, when, where, why, whether 功能: 1.作狀語: a. You should always review your lessons. b. The visitors are warmly welcomed by the students. c. Certainly we should try out best to improve our work. 2.作表語: a. He is abroad. b. The class is over. c. The football match is on. 3.作定語: a. He turned the radio down so that he shouldn’t disturb the old lady downstairs.(后置定語) 4.作補(bǔ)語 a. I found all the lights on when I got home last night. 形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí) ①有些詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有兩種不同形式, 意義上也有所不同, 如: older / oldest(比較老/最老的), elder / eldest (年齡比較大的/最大的); farther / farthest用于本義, 表示“比較遠(yuǎn)的/最遠(yuǎn)的”, 而further / furthest常用于引申意義, 表示“更進(jìn)一步的,更深一層的/最深層的” a. He is the oldest comrade in our office. b. He is the eldest son in the family. c. He went abroad for further studies. ②表示“比…多(大)幾倍”時(shí), 用“倍數(shù)+ as…as” 結(jié)構(gòu)或“倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than…”表示 a. This book costs twice as much as that one. b. The university is three times as big as it was in 1980. =The university is three times bigger than it was in 1980. ③可用much, far, still, even等修飾比較級(jí), 表示 “更…”, “…得多”之意 Her handwriting is much better than mine. This street is far wider and longer than any other street in Beijing. ④可用“名詞詞組或數(shù)詞詞組+比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示“比…相差多少”, ten minutes later, two meters longer, a few steps further ⑤比較級(jí)+ and +比較級(jí)表示“越來越…”. Summer is coming. It is getting hotter and hotter. ⑥“the +比較級(jí)+主語+謂語+其他, the +比較級(jí)+主語+謂語+其他” 表示 “越… , 就越…” The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get. ⑦more…than…有時(shí)表示“與其說…, 倒不如說…” He is more diligent than wise.與其說他聰明,不如說他勤奮 He is more a friend than a teacher.與其說他是一位老師,不如說更像一位朋友 ⑧“no+比較級(jí)+than…”和“not +比較級(jí)+than…”所表示的意思不相同, 前者表示“和…一樣不…”(即兩者都不…), 后者表示“不比…更… ”(僅否定前者, 即表示前者不如后者) His English is no better than mine. 兩人的英語都不好 His English is not better than mine. 他的英語不如我的英語好 ⑨有時(shí)用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)的意思 a. It can’t be safer.再安全不過了. b. She can’t be more beautiful. 她簡(jiǎn)直美極了 c. He works harder than the other students in his class. d. He works harder than any other student in his class. ⑩“the +序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)” 表示“第幾”之意 China is the third largest country in the world. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 5. 代詞(pronoun,pron) 人稱代詞,物主代詞,反身代詞,相互代詞(each other),指示代詞( this, that, these, those ),疑問代詞(who, whom, whose, which, what),關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, whose, which, that) ,不定代詞(each, every, most, either, neither, both) 6. 數(shù)詞(numeral) (1)基數(shù)詞 One, five, thirty Hundred, thousand, million, billion (2)序數(shù)詞 first/firstly/first of all/in the first place second, secondly, second of all, in the second place 4種英語虛詞 1. 冠詞(Article) 不定冠詞( indefinite article) :a, an (發(fā)音以元音開頭) Exercise: university, umbrella, honest child, Italian 定冠詞(definite article):the 特定的一個(gè)或一些 ,獨(dú)一無二 the sun,the international market, the most beautiful,play the guitar 冠詞 an 的使用 (1) 拼寫以輔音字母開頭讀音卻以元音開頭的單詞 hour, honest, honor等單詞的拼寫雖然以輔音字母h開頭,但其讀音卻以元音開頭,因此,前面要用an。 (2) 拼寫以元音字母開頭讀音卻以輔音開頭的單詞 useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字母開頭,但其讀音卻以元音開頭,因此,前面要用a。 (3)在26個(gè)英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x這12個(gè)字母的讀音是以元音開頭的,其余字母的讀音則是以輔音開頭的 The word "empty" includes ___ "m“ and ___ "y". 2. 介詞(preposition) (1)表示時(shí)間: A、表示 在 某時(shí)間.常用介詞at, on, in等。 a、用 at 來表示在某一段時(shí)刻: at dawn/ at noon /at night /at midnight at six :在6點(diǎn)鐘 b、用 at 來表示在……歲時(shí) at sixteen/at the age of sixteen :16歲的時(shí)候 c、用 on 來表示在星期幾/某日 on Monday :在星期一 on June 4th:在6月4日 on Christmas Day :在圣誕節(jié)那一天 B、表示期間常用介詞during, for, over, within, throughout, from和to等。 a. during 用于已知的一段時(shí)間包括大家熟知的節(jié)日或者某種已確切限定的時(shí)期或階段之前 during the Middle Ages在中世紀(jì) during 1942 :在1942年中 during the summer (of that year):在(那一年的)夏季 during his childhood :在他童年時(shí)期 b、for用來表示一段時(shí)間 for six years :六年之久 for two months :有兩個(gè)月 for ever :永遠(yuǎn) c、表示其他時(shí)間概念的介詞有before, after, since, until, till, between, by, up to等 (2)表示方位 A.表示位置的介詞有 at,on,in,before,after,above,among,below,behind,between,beside,near,over,under等。 B.表示方向的介詞有to, into, along, at, down, for, from, out of, toward , up等。 C.表示 “經(jīng)過 ,穿過” 的介詞有across, by, over, through, past等。 D.表示 “遍及” 的介詞有throughout, all over, all along等。 (3) 表示原因 表示原因常用的介詞有because of, for, with等 (4) 表示 方法 手段 表示 “方法 ,手段” 的介詞常用by, in, with, through等 (5) 表示數(shù)量 表示數(shù)量的常用介詞有about(around),over等 3. 連詞(conjunction ) 是一種虛詞, 它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞,短語與短語以及句與句的作用。 連詞主要可分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。 并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and) then等等。 從屬連詞經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句, 如: when ,where, because, if , as, 等 4. 感嘆詞 Review page 3-3440l紅軟基地

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