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- 上傳時間:
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- 英語課件PPT
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素材預(yù)覽
這是機械專業(yè)英語課件ppt,包括了concurrent/realistic/constraint/ethic,Engineering design is a systematic progress by which solutions to the needs of humankind are obtained等內(nèi)容,歡迎點擊下載。
機械專業(yè)英語課件ppt是由紅軟PPT免費下載網(wǎng)推薦的一款英語課件PPT類型的PowerPoint.
上一課回顧
單詞復(fù)習(xí):
1.orthographic
2.detail drawing
3. specification
4.mating parts
5.consolidate
6.tolerance
7.title block
Lesson 6 Engineering Design工程設(shè)計
重點詞匯:
stated
concurrent/realistic/constraint/ethic
source/course
deem
integral/inference
Paragraph 1
Engineering design is a systematic progress by which solutions to the needs of humankind are obtained.
The progress is applied to problems (needs) of varying complexity.
工程設(shè)計是一個系統(tǒng)(systematic)的過程,通過它可以解決人類需要解決的問題。這一過程被用于解決許多變化的復(fù)雜性的問題。
For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an internal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water (落水)as the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative(燒蝕性的) materials which enable astronauts to safety reenter the earth's atmosphere.
例如,機械工程師應(yīng)用這一設(shè)計過程去找到一種有效的高效的方法,把用于動力傳送系統(tǒng)(drive train)的內(nèi)燃機中的往復(fù)運動轉(zhuǎn)化為旋轉(zhuǎn)運動;電力工程師應(yīng)用這一設(shè)計過程去設(shè)計用落水做動力源的發(fā)電系統(tǒng);材料工程師應(yīng)用這一設(shè)計過程研制燒蝕材料,使宇航員能安全地重返地球(大氣層)。
Paragraph 2:
The vast majority of complex problems in today's high-technology society depend for solution not on a single engineering discipline(工程學(xué)科), but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel.
現(xiàn)代高技術(shù)社會的大量復(fù)雜問題的解決,不是取決于單一的工程學(xué)科,而是取決于由工程師、科學(xué)家、環(huán)境保護專家、經(jīng)濟學(xué)家、社會學(xué)家和法律專家組成的團隊。
Solutions are not only dependent upon the appropriate applications of technology, but also upon public sentiment(公眾意見) as executed through government regulations and political influence.
解決問題不僅依靠技術(shù)的合理應(yīng)用,而且要考慮通過政府法規(guī)和政治影響引起的大眾情緒。
As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact of our actions on society and the environment in general(總體的) and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.
作為工程師被授權(quán)利用專門技術(shù)來研究和改進產(chǎn)品和系統(tǒng),但同時我們必須知道我們的行為一般對社會和環(huán)境的影響,并考慮所有相關(guān)因素,盡責(zé)的工作,找出最好的解決辦法。
Paragraph 3:
Design is the culmination(最高階段) of the engineering educational process; it is the salient(突出的) feature that distinguishes engineering from other professions.
設(shè)計是工程教育過程的制高點;正是這一顯著特征把(工程設(shè)計)和其他職業(yè)區(qū)分開來。
Paragraph 4:
A formal definition of engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines(課程指導(dǎo)) of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).
工程設(shè)計的正式定義可以在工程技術(shù)鑒定合格委員會(ABET)的課程指導(dǎo)方針中找到。
ABET accredits(鑒定) curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from the various engineering professional societies(行業(yè)協(xié)會).
ABET安排工程學(xué)校的課程,ABET的成員人數(shù)來自各種工程專業(yè)協(xié)會。
Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET guidelines.
The ABET statement on design reads as follows(內(nèi)容如下):
每一門授權(quán)的課程有一個解釋清楚的設(shè)計部分,該部分包含在ABET指導(dǎo)方針中。
ABET對設(shè)計的解釋如下:
Paragraph 5
Engineering deign is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs.
工程設(shè)計是設(shè)計系統(tǒng)、元件的過程,或者是滿足希望要求的過程。
It is a decision making process (often iterative重復(fù)性的), in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective(目標(biāo)、目的).
它是一個決策指定的過程(經(jīng)常需要反復(fù)),在此過程中為了達到規(guī)定的目標(biāo),最佳地應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和工程科學(xué),把它們轉(zhuǎn)化成資源。
The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features: development of student creativity, use of open-ended problems, development and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statements and specifications, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production processes, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions.
課程的工程設(shè)計部分必須包括以下大部分特性:學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性的培養(yǎng)、能適應(yīng)未來發(fā)展的問題使用、現(xiàn)代設(shè)計理論和方法的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用、設(shè)計問題的陳述和詳細(xì)說明、其它解決問題方法的考慮、可行性研究、生產(chǎn)過程、并行工程設(shè)計以及詳細(xì)的系統(tǒng)描述。
Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.
另外,還必須包括許多實際約束,如經(jīng)濟因素、安全、可靠性(reliability)、美學(xué)(aesthetis)、道德(ethics)和社會反響等。
Paragraph 6
If anything can be said about the last half of the twentieth century, it is that we have had an explosion of information.
The amount of data that can be uncovered on most subjects(學(xué)科) is overwhelming.
如果說二十世紀(jì)下半葉可以提到的大的事情,那就是信息的爆炸。
對大多數(shù)課題可以揭示的數(shù)據(jù)量是勢不可擋的。
People in the upper levels of most organizations have assistants who condense most of the things that they must read, hear, or watch.
在大部分組織的高層次人才都配有助手,這些助手把他們必須讀到、聽到和看到的大部分事情進行精簡。
When you begin a search for information, be prepared to scan many of your sources and document their location so that you can find them easily if the data subsequently appear to be important.
當(dāng)你查找一些信息資料時,如果這些資料很重要,做好準(zhǔn)備瀏覽大量資料并記下它們的位置,這樣做你能容易地獲得。
Paragraph 7
Some of the sources that are available include the following:
可得到的一些資源如下:
Paragraph 8
1.Exisiting solutions: Much can be learned from the current status of solutions to a specific need if actual products can be located, studied and, in some cases, purchased for detailed analysis(購買進行詳細(xì)分析).
1、現(xiàn)有的解決方案。如果實際的產(chǎn)品可以被確定、研究,以及在某些情況下可以買到以用于詳細(xì)的分析,則從現(xiàn)有的解決方案到特定的需要可以知道許多事情。
An improved solution or an innovative new solution cannot be found unless the existing solutions are thoroughly understood.
除非完全理解現(xiàn)有的解決方案,否則不能找到一個改進的或革新的解決方案。
Paragraph 9
2.Your library. Many universities have courses that teach you how to use your library.
Such courses are easy when you compare them with those in chemistry and calculus(微積分), but their importance should not be underestimated(低估).
2、你的圖書館。許多大學(xué)設(shè)有教你如何使用你的圖書館的課程。
這些課程與化學(xué)和微積分學(xué)課程相比是容易的,但不能低估它們的重要性。
There are many sources in the library that can lead you to the information that you are seeking.
You may find what you need in an index such as the Engineering Index(工程索引).
在圖書館里有很多資源能幫你找到你所要搜索的信息。
在一個索引中可以找到你想要的東西,例如在工程索引中。
There are many other indexes that provide specialized information.
The nature of your problem will direct which ones may be helpful to you. Don't hesitate to ask for assistance from the librarian.
你的問題的性質(zhì)將直接告訴你誰可以幫助你。
不要不好意思請求圖書管理員的幫助。
You should use to advantage the computer databases found in libraries and often available through CD-ROM (Compact disc-read only memory)technology.
你應(yīng)該充分利用圖書館的計算機數(shù)據(jù)庫(database)和經(jīng)常通過光盤只讀存儲器(CD-ROM)來獲取信息。
Paragraph 10
3.Professional organizations. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers is a technical society that will be of interest to students majoring(主修) in mechanical engineering.
Each major in your college is associated with not one but often several such societies.
3、專業(yè)組織。美國機械工程師協(xié)會(The American Society of Mechanical Engineers)是一個技術(shù)協(xié)會,它對機械專業(yè)的學(xué)生非常有吸引力。
你學(xué)院的每一個專業(yè)不僅與一個而且經(jīng)常與好幾個這樣的會有聯(lián)系(be associated with)。
The National Society of Professional Engineers is an organization that most engineering students will eventually join, as well as at least one technical society such as the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), or any one of dozens that serve the technical interests of the host of specialties with which professional practices seem most closely associated.
國家專業(yè)工程師協(xié)會是一個組織,大部分工程方面的學(xué)生最終要加入這一組織,以及至少一個技術(shù)協(xié)會如美國土木工程師協(xié)會(ASCE)、美國電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會(IEEE)或十二個協(xié)會中的任何一個都對許多專業(yè)技術(shù)感興趣,專業(yè)實踐似乎與這些專業(yè)有非常緊密的聯(lián)系。
Many engineers are members of several associations and societies.
許多工程師是幾個協(xié)會和學(xué)會的會員。
Paragraph 11
4.Trade journals(行業(yè)雜志).
They are published by the hundreds, usually specializing in certain classes of products and services.
4、行業(yè)雜志(trade journal)。
行業(yè)雜志有幾百種,通常研究一定級別的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。
Paragraph 12
Money and economics are part of engineering design and decision-making.
We live in a society that is based on economics and competition.
錢和經(jīng)濟是工程設(shè)計和決策制定的一部分。
我們生活在一個以經(jīng)濟和競爭為基礎(chǔ)(be based on)的社會。
It is no doubt true(勿容置疑) that many good ideas never get tried because they are deemed to be economically infeasible.
Most of us have been aware of this condition in our daily lives.
許多好的想法不能實施無疑(no doubt)是真的,因為這些想法被認(rèn)為在經(jīng)濟上是不可行的。
我們中的大部分人都知道我們每天的生活條件。
We started with our parents explaining why we could not have some item that we wanted because it cost too much.
我們的父母給我們解釋為什么我們不能得到某些我們想要的東西,是因為這些東西太貴。
Likewise, we will not put some very desirable component into our designs because the value gained will not return enough profit in relation to its cost.
同樣,我們也不能把某些非?释臇|西加入到我們的設(shè)計中,因為我們獲得的價值與它的成本相比(in relation to)不能獲得足夠的效益。
Paragraph 13
Industry is continually looking for new products of all types.
Some are desired because the current product is not competing well in the marketplace(市場).
Others are tried simply because it appears that people will buy them.
工業(yè)正在不斷地尋找(look for)所有類型的新產(chǎn)品。
某些產(chǎn)品是渴望的,因為現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品在市場中不具有很好的競爭力。
其它的產(chǎn)品被簡單的試做,因為似乎人們將買它們。
How do manufacturers know that a product will be popular(暢銷的)?
生產(chǎn)廠商如何知道其生產(chǎn)的新產(chǎn)品是否受歡迎呢?
They seldom know with certainty.
他們很少能知道確切答案。
Statistics(統(tǒng)計學(xué)) is an important consideration in market analysis.
在市場分析時,統(tǒng)計數(shù)字是重要的考慮。
Most of you will find that probability(概率論) and statistics are an integral(組成的) part of your chosen engineering curriculum.
你們中的大部分人將會發(fā)現(xiàn),概率和統(tǒng)計是你們所選課程的一個整體部分。
The techniques of this area of mathematics allow us to make inferences(推論) about how large groups of people will react based on the reactions of a few.
數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)可以使我們做出推論,即多大人群將根據(jù)少數(shù)人的反應(yīng)而反應(yīng)。
課后作業(yè):
1、復(fù)習(xí)本課單詞,預(yù)習(xí)下一課單詞
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