這是虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ppt，包括了主語從句中的虛擬語氣，表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣，賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，if條件句中的虛擬語氣形式，含蓄虛擬條件句，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等內(nèi)容，歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載。

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II. Subjunctive Mood & Modal Verbs 虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 主語從句中的虛擬語氣:  常用形式主語 it ① It is + adj. + that … (should) ... 這樣的形容詞表示重要、迫切、建議、堅(jiān)持，喜好等，如：appropriate，advisable，better，desirable，essential，imperative (迫切的)，important，insistent，natural，necessary，preferable，strange，urgent，vital 等； It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts. 1. 主語從句中的虛擬語氣:  常用形式主語 it ② It is + 過去分詞 + that … (should) ... 這樣的過去分詞表示建議、命令、要求、驚異和失望等，如 desired， demanded， ordered， requested， suggested， recommended， required 等； It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities. 2. 表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 在表示建議、命令、主張、目的和愿望等名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要求使用虛擬語氣（should+ 動(dòng)詞原形）。 常這樣用的名詞：resolution， pray， decision， motion， suggestion， preference， proposal， advice， recommendation， desire， demand， requirement， order， necessity， request， idea 等。例如： His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits. He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. 3. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 1）某些動(dòng)詞表示如建議、命令和要求等，其后賓語從句要用虛擬語氣should+ 動(dòng)詞原形，常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：advise， determine， command， insist， intend， propose， order， recommend， request， require， suggest， urge， demand， desire等。 例如： 他要求推遲那個(gè)會(huì)議。 He insisted that the meeting (should) be put off. 他們建議所有的計(jì)劃都應(yīng)該在會(huì)上討論。 They proposed that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting. 　　 3. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 2）在以it為形式賓語的復(fù)合賓語從句中也可以用虛擬語氣（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形，做賓補(bǔ)的形容詞與主語從句中的虛擬語氣所使用的形容詞相同，如 appropriate，advisable，better，desirable，essential，imperative (迫切的)，important，insistent，natural，necessary，preferable，strange，urgent，vital 等。 我們認(rèn)為他在行動(dòng)前好好考慮一下才是明智的。 　 We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting. 　 3. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣: （主要有三種形式） 3. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 我真希望自己很富有！ 她真希望自己當(dāng)時(shí)在家。 我希望將來有一天能去拜訪火星。 I wish we would be able to visit Mars one day in the future. 注意：對(duì)過去情況的虛擬有時(shí)也可以用下列形式： wish + 主語 + would（could）+ have + done 要是我昨天晚上能夠見到她那該多好。 I wish I could have seen her last night. 4. if條件句中的虛擬語氣形式 1）if 非真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，句中的主句與從句都用虛擬語氣。 在if非真實(shí)虛擬條件句中，主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞主要有下面幾種形式： E.g. 假如沒有引力，我們就不可能行走。 If there were no gravity， we should not be able to walk. 假如別人不告訴我，我就不知道這些東西是干什么的。 I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told. 2）正式文體中，有時(shí)可把虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將 were， had， should 等助動(dòng)詞（不包括行為動(dòng)詞）提到主語前面倒裝處理。如果句中沒有 were， had 或 should 時(shí)，既不能省略 if，也不能倒裝。例如： 要是我明天見到他，我就會(huì)問他這件事的。 Were I to meet him tomorrow， I should ask him about it. 如果我去年有了這筆錢，我就買那所房子了。 Had I had the money last year， I would have bought the house. 另外： 本(不)應(yīng)該做某事 ought (not) to have done 本不必要做某事 needn’t have done 你昨天不應(yīng)該在會(huì)議室抽煙。 她昨天不需要來的。 3）時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜條件句： 通常情況下，在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間是一致的，但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式。例如： 我要是你，就采納他的建議了。 If I were you， I would have taken his advice.（從句指現(xiàn)在，主句指過去） 如果氣候更適宜一些，莊稼會(huì)長得更好。 （ If the weather had been more favorable， the crop would be growing still better. (從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在） 5. 含蓄虛擬條件句 1）有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句形式表示出來，而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語或其他方式如（without， but for， but that， otherwise， or， but 等）。E.g. 要是沒有你的幫助，我們是不會(huì)成功的。 　　 But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)， there would be no modern industry. He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us. He felt very tired yesterday， or he would have attended the party. 5. 含蓄虛擬條件句 2）在某些暗含虛擬條件的簡(jiǎn)單句中，虛擬語氣可通過上下文表現(xiàn)出來。謂語動(dòng)詞用should/would be 形式和should/would have been 虛擬形式。例如： 任何人處在他的位置都會(huì)那么做的。 Any men in his position would have done like that. 　 你本應(yīng)早點(diǎn)來的。 You should (ought to) have come earlier. 6. 其他句型中的虛擬語氣 1）在 would rather， would sooner， would just as soon， might as well 和 would prefer 等后面所跟的從句中，也要用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿、但愿”。其形式為： ①“would rather (would sooner…) + 主語 + 謂語動(dòng)詞過去式” 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來的情況。 要是他現(xiàn)在不走就好了。 ②“would rather (would sooner…) + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去完成式”表示過去的情況。例如： 要是你昨天在這里就好了。 　　 I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday. 6. 其他句型中的虛擬語氣 2）在句型 “It is (high/ about) time…” 后面也可以跟虛擬語氣，從句中常用過去式。有時(shí)也用“(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“該是……的時(shí)候了”。例如： 這個(gè)小孩該上學(xué)了。 It is time that the boy (should) go to school. 天氣真該好起來了。 It is high time (that) the weather improved. 注意：It is the first time that he has been to Beijing. 但是：It was the first time that he had been to Beijing. 6. 其他句型中的虛擬語氣 3）“if only” 引起的感嘆句中用虛擬語氣，表示愿望。其形式有2種： ①表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實(shí)相反的愿望：用過去式或 “would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形” 。E.g. 要是你聽我們的建議就好了。 If only you would listen to our advice. ②表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望：用過去完成式。E.g. 要是上周我不忙該多好��！ If only I had not been busy last week! 　　 注：if only 也可以用于虛擬條件句中。例如： 要是我有更多的錢，我就可以買輛車了。 If only I had more money， I could buy a car. 6. 其他句型中的虛擬語氣 4）連接詞 “in case， lest， for fear that” 可以用來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣。其形式通常為：“…lest (in case， for fear that) + 主語 + (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形”。 他帶著雨衣以防下雨。 He took his coat with him in case it should rain. 我不會(huì)做聲的，以免打擾你。 I will not make a noise for fear that I (should / might) disturb you. 　　 Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur. 6. 其他句型中的虛擬語氣 注意：lest， for fear that 后接從句中的 should 可以省去，in case 連接從句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣。lest， for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。 as if 后的從句可以用虛擬語氣，也可用陳述語氣 He looks as if he is unhappy. He looks as if he were a millionaire. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 表示說話人的看法、態(tài)度等，具有以下特點(diǎn)： 1）各個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞自身都有一定的詞義； 2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語； 3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中不受任何人稱，性別和單復(fù)數(shù)變化的影響（即沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化）； 4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接的不定式（除ought外）都不帶to ，即接動(dòng)詞原形。 主要情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1. 英文中的：can ， could ; may ， might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare ， dared ，另外，shall ， will ， should ， would在一定的場(chǎng)合也可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。注意： ①--- May I come in ? --- Yes， you may. / No， you can’t. ②--- Must I finish the work now? --- Yes， you must. / No， you needn’t. ③ need 與dare可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可以作行為動(dòng)詞。 例如：He dared not go out alone at night. 也可以說：He didn’t dare to go out alone… 2. 表示推測(cè): might， may， can (用于疑問句)，must， can’t， should (想必，應(yīng)該) ①對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)：+ do ②對(duì)過去的推測(cè)： + have done 注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的反義疑問句，要和其后的動(dòng)詞一致，但還要看具體的時(shí)間狀語。 It might have rained last night， didn’t it ? The must have finished the work now， haven’t they ? He must have finished his homework when his mother came back， hadn’t he ? 注意：should 也可表示對(duì)將來的推測(cè)，“想必，應(yīng)該”，例如： I sent my coat to the laundry three days ago. It should be ready tomorrow. 關(guān)于mustn’t: 表示禁止，不表示推測(cè)。 Children mustn’t play on the road. It’s dangerous ! 歷年真題 1. If there were no subjunctive mood， English _____ much easier to learn. （2009） A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been 2. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam， she ____ much better results now. (2008) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 3. If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics， he might still be alive now. (2007) A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving 4. He would have finished his college education， but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family. (2007) A. had had B. has C. had D. would have 5. If only I _____ play the guitar as well as you! (2006) A would B could C should D might 6. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer， contact your dealer for advice. (2005) A. If， had B. Have， had C. Should， have D. In case， had 7.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?(2004) A. Would you be surprised  B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised  D. Would you have been surprised 8.____ both sides accept the agreement ____ a lasting peace be established in this region. (2004) A. Only if， will  B. If only， would C. Should， will    D. Unless， would 9. _______ for the fact that she broke her leg， she might have passed the exam. (2002) A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 10. “ What courses are you going to do next semester?” (2002)“ I don’t know. But it’s about time _______ on something.” A. I’d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I’m deciding 11. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties. (2007) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues 12. Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today. (2009) A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought 13. It is imperative that the government ____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. （2006） A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to 14. “You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them，” I told my friend. （2007） D A. could B. should C. must D. can 15. She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference. （2007）D A. must be B. had been C. could be D. must have been 16. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone _____ an opportunity to hear the speech. （2006） A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should have 17. I went there in 1984， and that was the only occasion when I ______ the journey in exactly two days. （2005） A. must take B. must have made C. was able to make D. could make 16. The committee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.（2007） A. arise B. will arise C. arose D. have arisenHkT紅軟基地

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