這是ppt展示英文翻譯，包括了科技文本及其主要類型，英語科技文獻的翻譯標準，英語科技文獻的翻譯過程，結(jié)合上下文，推敲詞義，廣泛使用被動句，非限定動詞，詞義的選擇等內(nèi)容，歡迎點擊下載。

ppt展示英文翻譯是由紅軟PPT免費下載網(wǎng)推薦的一款課件PPT類型的PowerPoint.

English Translation for Science and Technology Introduction to Translation 科技文本及其主要類型 從大的方面來分，科技文本主要包括專業(yè)科技文本和普通科技文本， 前者主要指某一科研領(lǐng)域內(nèi)具有較高學術(shù)水平的專著、科研論文、實驗報告等，其讀者對象主要是一些科學家、大學教授、高級科研工作者、行業(yè)專家等人士， 后者主要指一些普及科技知識的科普讀物、說明書、操作指南、安全手冊等，其讀者對象主要是一些學生、客戶、工人等非專業(yè)的普通讀者。 英語科技文獻的翻譯標準 科技翻譯可以理解為一種科學的“語碼轉(zhuǎn)換”，科學性是其次，科技譯文的正確性是最重要的。 忠實 --- 忠于原意，傳達信息準確； 通順 --- 文從字順，譯文風格貼近原文風格。 忠實 In computing work done， it is always important to keep in mind that the force and distance that are multiplied must be in the same direction. 相乘的力和距離的方向必須相同，在所作的計算工作中，記住這一點往往是重要的。 [改]在計算所做的功時，用以相乘的力和距離必須沿同一方向，始終記住這一點是很重要的。 Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line， unless acted upon by an external force. 每一物體如不受外力作用，將繼續(xù)保持其靜止狀態(tài)或做勻速的直線運動。 [改]物體如不受外力作用，將繼續(xù)保持其靜止狀態(tài)或做勻速直線運動。 通順 Matter is anything having weight and occupying space. 物質(zhì)是有重量和占據(jù)空間的任何東西。 [改]凡是物質(zhì)，都具有重量和占有空間。 What is large and what is small is relative. 什么是大的和什么是小的是相對的。 [改]大和小是相對的。 The report noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases as high blood pressure， diabetes(糖尿病)， heart disease and gallbladder（膽囊疾�。�. 報告指出，過胖與疾病及諸如高血壓、糖尿病、心臟病和膽囊疾病引起的死亡有關(guān)。 [改]報告指出，肥胖容易引起疾病，容易導致由高血壓、糖尿病、心臟病和膽囊疾病等引起的死亡。 Three Qualifications for the Translation of EST Good Command of English Good Command of Chinese Familiarity with Knowledge of Science and Technology 英語科技文獻的翻譯過程 理解階段 結(jié)合上下文，推敲詞義 辨明語法，弄清關(guān)系 理解原文所涉及的事物 表達階段 直譯 意譯 結(jié)合上下文，推敲詞義 The rate of dissociation was followed by placing the unit on a scale and noting the weight loss due to chlorine(氯) evolution. [誤] 離解速度可由在標尺上的刻度得出，并注意由于氯的放出而引起的重量損失。 [正]離解速度是通過下列方法求得的：將該設(shè)備放置在天平上，并記錄由于氯的放出而引起的重量損失。 辨明語法，弄清關(guān)系 As friction manifests itself as a resistance that opposes motion， it is usually considered as a nuisance. [誤] 摩擦是運動的阻力，因此阻力常被人看成討厭的東西。 [正]摩擦是運動的阻力，因此常被人看成討厭的東西。 Intense light and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded avenues and the interiors of buildings. [誤] 強烈的光線和露天場所的炎熱，同林蔭道上的涼爽和建筑物內(nèi)部形成了對比。 [正]露天場所的強烈光線和酷熱，同林蔭道上和建筑物內(nèi)部的涼爽形成了對比。 直譯 （Literal Translation） 直譯：把忠實于原文的內(nèi)容放在第一位，把忠實于原文的形式放在第二位，把通順的譯文形式放在第三位。 如果譯文和原文相同的形式能表達和原文相同的內(nèi)容，可以直譯。 Translate literally wherever possible. 意譯（Free / Liberal Translation） 意譯：把忠實于原文的內(nèi)容放在第一位，把通順的譯文形式放在第二位，不拘泥于原文的形式。 如果譯文和原文相同的形式不能表達和原文相同的內(nèi)容，一般意譯。 Translate liberally if necessary. 日常英語 People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white， milky liquid， which is called latex. They mix it with acid， and dry it， and then they send it to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry grew， people needed more and more rubber. They started rubber plantations in countries with hot， wet weather conditions， but these still could not give enough raw rubber to meet the needs of growing industry. 科技英語 Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white， milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried before being dispatched to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry developed， more and more rubber was required. Rubber plantations were established in countries with a hot， humid climate， but these still could not supply sufficient raw rubber to satisfy the requirements of developing industry. 一、大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（Nominalization） Archimedes first discovered the principle that water is displaced by solid bodies. Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先發(fā)現(xiàn)固體排水的原理。 The earth rotates on its own axis， which causes the change from day to night. The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜的變化。 Television transmits and receives images of moving objects by radio waves. Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 電視通過無線電波發(fā)射和接受活動物體的圖象。 二、廣泛使用被動句 Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. 應(yīng)當注意機器的工作溫度。 You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine. 你們必須注意機器的工作溫度。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor， or a condenser， and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance. We measure capacitance in farads. 我們可將電能儲存在由一絕緣介質(zhì)隔開的兩塊金屬極板內(nèi)。我們稱這樣的裝置為電容器，稱其儲存電能的能力為電容。我們用法拉為單位來測量電容。 Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor， or a condenser， and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in farads. 電能可儲存在由一絕緣介質(zhì)隔開的兩塊金屬極板內(nèi)。這樣的裝置稱之為電容器，其儲存電能的能力為電容。電容的測量單位是法拉。 三、非限定動詞 A direct current is a current which flows always in the same direction. A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction. 直流電是一種總是沿同一方向流動的電流。 Heat causes air currents to rise when it is radiating from the earth. Radiating from the earth， heat causes air currents to rise. 熱量由地球輻射出來時，使得氣流上升。 A body can move uniformly and in a straight line if there is no cause to change that motion. A body can move uniformly and in a straight line， there being no cause to change that motion. 如果沒有改變物體運動的原因，那么物體將作勻速直線運動。 Vibrating objects produce sound waves and each vibration produces one sound wave. Vibrating objects produce sound waves， each vibration producing one sound wave. 振動著的物體產(chǎn)生聲波，每一次振動產(chǎn)生一個聲波。 四、常用句型 It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting. 看來這兩個科學分支是相互依存，相互作用的。 Computers may be classified as analog and digital. 計算機可分為模擬計算機和數(shù)字計算機兩種。 In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air. 聲音在水中的傳播速度幾乎是在空氣中傳播速度的五倍。 Ice keeps the same temperature while melting. 冰在溶化時，其溫度保持不變。 All substances， whether gaseous， liquid or solid， are made of atoms. 一切物質(zhì)，不論是氣態(tài)、液態(tài)、還是固態(tài)，都由原子組成。 由“it”引導的習慣句型中的被動語態(tài)，可譯作無人稱主動句或不定人稱主動句 It can be foreseen that … 可以預(yù)料 It can be seen that … 可見，能夠看出 It cannot be denied that … 不可否認 It has been proved that … 已經(jīng)證明 It has been illustrated that … 已經(jīng)舉例說明 It has been objected that … 有人反駁 It has been shown that … 有人指出 It has been viewed that … 討論了 It is accepted that … 可接受的是 It is arranged that … 已經(jīng)商定，已做準備 It is alleged that … 據(jù)稱 It is asserted that … 有人主張 It is turned out that … 結(jié)果是 詞義的選擇 英漢兩種語言都有一詞多類、一詞多義的現(xiàn)象。 一詞多類就是指一個詞往往屬于幾個詞類，具有幾個不同的意思。 一詞多義就是說同一個詞在同一個詞類中，又往往有幾個不同的詞義。 試譯下列各句，注意根據(jù)詞類確定劃線詞的詞義： Aluminum is light and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft industry. 鋁既輕又堅硬，所以廣泛用于航空工業(yè)。 Like charges repel， while unlike charges attract. 同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。 It is the atoms that make up iron， water， oxygen and the like. 正是原子構(gòu)成了鐵、水、氧等等。 A magnetic field is build up round the coil. 線圈周圍形成了一個磁場。 Small as atoms are， electrons are still smaller. 原子雖小，但電子卻更小。 When sunlight falls on the leaves of plants， it is transformed into chemical energy. 當陽光照在植物的葉子上時，就變成化學能。 There is no physical contact between workpiece and tool. 工件和刀具不直接接觸。 The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance. 功的大小等于力和距離的乘積。 Rubber is not hard， it gives way to pressure. 橡膠性軟，受壓變形。 For millions of people suffering from arthritis， it is the only thing that works. 對于千百萬關(guān)節(jié)炎患者來說，這是惟一奏效的藥物。 Porcelain is commonly used to resist electric current. 陶瓷常用來隔絕電流。 When we speak， sound waves begin to travel and go in all directions. 我們說話時，聲波就開始向四面八方傳播。9FM紅軟基地

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