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頭頸部腫瘤分子生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)ppt

這是頭頸部腫瘤分子生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)ppt,包括了頭頸部腫瘤概述,口腔腫瘤,新輔助化療,2015 ASCO,流行病學(xué),病因等內(nèi)容,歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載。

頭頸部腫瘤分子生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)ppt是由紅軟PPT免費(fèi)下載網(wǎng)推薦的一款生物課件PPT類型的PowerPoint.

Hfi紅軟基地
劉   峰Hfi紅軟基地
2015.6.19Hfi紅軟基地
頭頸部腫瘤概述Hfi紅軟基地
口腔腫瘤Hfi紅軟基地
新輔助化療Hfi紅軟基地
2015 ASCOHfi紅軟基地
流行病學(xué)Hfi紅軟基地
占全身惡性腫瘤的5%Hfi紅軟基地
第6大常見的惡性腫瘤Hfi紅軟基地
腫瘤相關(guān)死亡原因的第8位Hfi紅軟基地
頭頸部腫瘤的患者有可能罹患第2個(gè)原發(fā)性的頭頸部、肺部或食管的腫瘤Hfi紅軟基地
病因Hfi紅軟基地
吸煙和嗜酒Hfi紅軟基地
口咽癌:人乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)  60-70%Hfi紅軟基地
鼻咽癌:EBVHfi紅軟基地
Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer.   N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 1;363(1):24-35.Hfi紅軟基地
頭頸部腫瘤特點(diǎn)Hfi紅軟基地
90%以上EGFR過表達(dá)Hfi紅軟基地
以鱗癌為主Hfi紅軟基地
視、聽、嗅覺、呼吸、發(fā)聲、進(jìn)食、容貌Hfi紅軟基地
局部結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、險(xiǎn)隘,安全邊緣有限Hfi紅軟基地
“不可切除的病變” 沒有定義Hfi紅軟基地
不同部位特點(diǎn)不同Hfi紅軟基地
喉癌:聲門上區(qū)腫瘤在確診時(shí)通常已經(jīng)為局部晚期;但是聲門區(qū)腫瘤發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)多為早期,治愈率非常高:約80%~90%Hfi紅軟基地
咽癌:大約60%的下咽部腫瘤患者已屬局部晚期伴區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,預(yù)后通常都很差Hfi紅軟基地
分期Hfi紅軟基地
唇部、口腔及口咽部腫瘤根據(jù)瘤體大小界定T分期Hfi紅軟基地
聲門區(qū)、聲門上區(qū)、喉咽及鼻咽部腫瘤根據(jù)各自亞區(qū)侵犯情況界定T分期Hfi紅軟基地
除了鼻咽癌的區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)(N)分期之外,對于不同部位腫瘤的N及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移(M)的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一致的Hfi紅軟基地
喉、口咽、下咽:VII區(qū)(上縱膈)轉(zhuǎn)移也被認(rèn)為是區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移Hfi紅軟基地
治療特點(diǎn)Hfi紅軟基地
T1-2N0M0期: 單純手術(shù)或單純放療Hfi紅軟基地
局部晚期: 手術(shù)+放療+化療Hfi紅軟基地
復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移,姑息性化療放療+化療+手術(shù)Hfi紅軟基地
鼻咽癌主要以放化療為主Hfi紅軟基地
新輔助治療Hfi紅軟基地
例如:對可手術(shù)切除的局部晚期喉癌、咽癌,術(shù)前誘導(dǎo)化療/同步放化療不僅可以提高保喉率,而且可提高患者生存率Hfi紅軟基地
放療Hfi紅軟基地
原發(fā)病灶和受侵淋巴結(jié)需要每天2.0 Gy,總量為70 Gy或以上的劑量Hfi紅軟基地
對于頸部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低的淋巴結(jié)群的放療劑量為每天2.0 Gy,總量50 Gy或以上Hfi紅軟基地
化療Hfi紅軟基地
新輔助化療Hfi紅軟基地
同步放化療(根治性、輔助性)Hfi紅軟基地
輔助化療Hfi紅軟基地
姑息化療Hfi紅軟基地
靶向治療Hfi紅軟基地
西妥昔單抗 Hfi紅軟基地
      早中期:同步放療Hfi紅軟基地
      晚   期:單藥或聯(lián)合化療Hfi紅軟基地
尼妥珠單抗(nimotuzumab)Hfi紅軟基地
吉非替尼、厄洛替尼:未觀察到臨床受益Hfi紅軟基地
不良預(yù)后因素Hfi紅軟基地
淋巴結(jié)包膜外受侵和/或手術(shù)切緣陽性:術(shù)后進(jìn)行輔助性化放療Hfi紅軟基地
其他不良預(yù)后因素:多個(gè)陽性淋巴結(jié)(無包膜外受侵)、血管/淋巴管/神經(jīng)周圍侵犯、原發(fā)腫瘤T4a及具有IV區(qū)淋巴結(jié)陽性——術(shù)后放療,但是否進(jìn)行放化療可根據(jù)臨床判斷Hfi紅軟基地
復(fù)發(fā)和(或)轉(zhuǎn)移Hfi紅軟基地
復(fù)發(fā)病變可治愈:應(yīng)積極尋求根治性手術(shù)Hfi紅軟基地
                                      或同步放化 (靶)療Hfi紅軟基地
無局部治愈可能:姑息性化療和(或)靶向治療Hfi紅軟基地
                                     支持治療Hfi紅軟基地
Induction ChemotherapyHfi紅軟基地
Induction chemotherapy plus radiation compared with surgery plus radiation in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. The Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group N Engl J Med. 1991;324(24):1685Hfi紅軟基地
332 ptsHfi紅軟基地
median follow-up of 33 monthsHfi紅軟基地
surgery +radiotherapy Hfi紅軟基地
induction chemotherapy+ radiotherapy ± Salvage surgeryHfi紅軟基地
cisplatin +fluorouraci(PF)Hfi紅軟基地
Larynx preservation in pyriform sinus cancer: preliminary results of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial. EORTC Head and Neck Cancer Cooperative Group       J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996 Hfi紅軟基地
202 ptsHfi紅軟基地
surgery +radiotherapy Hfi紅軟基地
induction chemotherapy+ radiotherapy ± Salvage surgeryHfi紅軟基地
cisplatin +fluorouraci(PF)Hfi紅軟基地
Induction-chemotherapy arm    vs.   Surgery arm Hfi紅軟基地
TPF  vs.   PFHfi紅軟基地
Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and fluorouracil alone or in combination with docetaxel in locally advanced squamous-cell cancer of the head and neck: long-term results of the TAX 324 randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(2):153-9Hfi紅軟基地
hypopharyngeal and laryngealHfi紅軟基地
Long-term results of GORTEC 2000-01: A multicentric randomized phase III trial of induction chemotherapy with cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil, with or without docetaxel, for larynx preservation.    FranceHfi紅軟基地
213 ptsHfi紅軟基地
Median follow-up  105 months                       TPF   vs.  PFHfi紅軟基地
The 5- and 10-year larynx preservation rates 74.0% vs. 58.1%Hfi紅軟基地
                                                                         70.3% vs. 46.5%Hfi紅軟基地
The 5- and 10-year LDFFS rates                   67.2% vs. 46.5%Hfi紅軟基地
                                                                         63.7% vs. 37.2% Hfi紅軟基地
OS, PFS no differenceHfi紅軟基地
(LDFFS :larynx dysfunction-free survival)Hfi紅軟基地
Taxane-cisplatin-fluorouracil as induction chemotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis of the 5-year efficacy and safety.   Springerplus. 2015;4:208.Hfi紅軟基地
7 randomized clinical  (mata analysis)   TPF vs. PFHfi紅軟基地
3-year OS rate (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.25; P = 0.008)Hfi紅軟基地
 3-year PFS rate (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.43; P = 0.002)Hfi紅軟基地
 5-year OS rate (HR: 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.55;P = 0.003)Hfi紅軟基地
 5-year PFS rate (HR: 1.39; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.70; P = 0.001)Hfi紅軟基地
The TPF induction chemotherapy improved PFS and OS compared with PFHfi紅軟基地
Induction Chemotherapy                   vs. Concurrent ChemoRT Hfi紅軟基地
Long-Term Results of RTOG 91-11: A Comparison of Three Nonsurgical Treatment Strategies to Preserve the Larynx in Patients With Locally Advanced Larynx Cancer    J Clin Oncol 2013;31:845-852Hfi紅軟基地
Patients with stage III or IV glottic or supraglottic squamous cell cancerHfi紅軟基地
laryngectomy-free survival (LFS)Hfi紅軟基地
For selected patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers less than T4a in extent, induction chemotherapy—used as part of a larynx preservation strategy—is category 2AHfi紅軟基地
Thus, induction chemotherapy has a category 3 recommendation for the management of both locally and regionally advanced oropharyngeal cancer Hfi紅軟基地
Induction Chemotherapy in Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaHfi紅軟基地
Randomized Phase III Trial of Induction Chemotherapy With Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil Followed by Surgery Versus Up-Front Surgery in Locally Advanced Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma          J Clin Oncol. 2013 ;31(6):744-51Hfi紅軟基地
256 patientsHfi紅軟基地
Locallyadvanced Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma,   TPFHfi紅軟基地
Median follow-up of 30 monthsHfi紅軟基地
Induction chemotherapy + Concurrent  chemoradiotherapy Hfi紅軟基地
Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (sequential chemoradiotherapy) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locally advanced head and neck cancer (PARADIGM): a randomised phase 3 trial Lancet Oncol 2013; 14: 257–64Hfi紅軟基地
145 patients across 16 sitesHfi紅軟基地
Median follow-up of 49 monthsHfi紅軟基地
Induction chemotherapy + Concurrent  chemoradiotherapyHfi紅軟基地
                                              Concurrent  chemoradiotherapyHfi紅軟基地
Phase III randomized trial of induction chemotherapy in patients with N2 or N3 locally advanced head and neck cancer.  J Clin Oncol. 2014; 32(25):2735Hfi紅軟基地
285 patients , with N2 or N3 diseaseHfi紅軟基地
Follow-up of 30 monthsHfi紅軟基地
Induction chemotherapy + Concurrent  chemoradiotherapyHfi紅軟基地
                                              Concurrent  chemoradiotherapyHfi紅軟基地
NO difference:  OS, Relapse-Free Survival , Distant Failure-Free SurvivalHfi紅軟基地
Is there a role for induction chemotherapy in the setting of concomitant chemoradiation in locally advanced head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsHfi紅軟基地
Meta-analysis,  5  RCTs ( 4 TPF,  1 PF )Hfi紅軟基地
1229 patientsHfi紅軟基地
Indu-chemotherapy + concomitant chemoradiationHfi紅軟基地
                                      concomitant chemoradiationHfi紅軟基地
OS, PFS no difference       have a trendHfi紅軟基地
Disease control , CR   Hfi紅軟基地
Imply that selected patients may benefit from the addition of induction chemotherapyHfi紅軟基地
New aspects regarding the induction chemotherapy with TPF and radio chemotherapy in head and neck cancer  GermanyHfi紅軟基地
Meta-analysis,  5 RCTs (TPF)Hfi紅軟基地
1060 patients,    locally advancedHfi紅軟基地
53.4% oropharyngeal, 17.3% hyopharyngeal, 6.4% laryngeal, 18.5% oral cavity , 4.4% other SCCHNHfi紅軟基地
TPF + concomitant chemoradiationHfi紅軟基地
            concomitant chemoradiationHfi紅軟基地
Not result in a significant improvement of OS (Hazard Ratio: 0.950, 0.791-1.140,  p = 0.579)Hfi紅軟基地
Radiotherapy plus cetuximabHfi紅軟基地
Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: 5-year survival data from a phase 3 randomised trial, and relation between cetuximab-induced rash and survival   Lancet Oncol. 2010 ;11(1):21-8Hfi紅軟基地
424 pts: locoregionally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma (oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx)Hfi紅軟基地
73 centresHfi紅軟基地
median follow-up 60 monthsHfi紅軟基地
radiotherapy alone radiotherapy plus cetuximabHfi紅軟基地
OS: 49.0 months versus 29.3 monthsHfi紅軟基地
5-year overall survival was 45.6% versus 36.4%Hfi紅軟基地
Randomized phase III trial of concurrent accelerated radiation plus cisplatin with or without cetuximab for stage III to IV head and neck carcinoma: RTOG 0522. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):2940-50.Hfi紅軟基地
891 analyzed patientsHfi紅軟基地
Median follow-up 3.8 yearsHfi紅軟基地
Cetuximab plus cisplatin-radiationHfi紅軟基地
cisplatin-radiation aloneHfi紅軟基地
3-year PFS (61.2% v. 58.9%, P = .76), Hfi紅軟基地
3-year OS (72.9% v. 75.8, P = .32)Hfi紅軟基地
p16-positive compared with p16-negative Hfi紅軟基地
           PFS (72.8% v. 49.2%, P < .001) Hfi紅軟基地
           OS (85.6% v. 60.1%, P < .001),Hfi紅軟基地
EGFR expression did not distinguish outcomeHfi紅軟基地
Should not be prescribed routinelyHfi紅軟基地
Oral CavityHfi紅軟基地
Very advancedHfi紅軟基地
2015 ASCO Head and Neck CancerHfi紅軟基地
Phase III randomized trial of standard fractionation radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin  versus accelerated fractionation radiotherapy with panitumumab in patients with locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: NCIC Clinical Trials Group HN.6 trial CanadaHfi紅軟基地
320 pts Hfi紅軟基地
With a median follow-up of 46.4 monthsHfi紅軟基地
PFS of PMab +AFX was not superior to CIS +SFXHfi紅軟基地
Weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin, cetuximab (PCC), and cetuximab, docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (C-TPF), followed by risk-based local therapy in previously untreated, locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC)      MD Anderson Cancer CenterHfi紅軟基地
phase IIHfi紅軟基地
Median follow-up of 18.4 months Hfi紅軟基地
136 patientsHfi紅軟基地
Mutational patterns of HPV + and HPV- squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) and their interference with outcome after adjuvant chemoradiation: A multicenter biomarker study of the German Cancer Consortium Radiation Oncology Group              GermanyHfi紅軟基地
208 patientsHfi紅軟基地
211 exons from 45 genes Hfi紅軟基地
HPV +:  enriched for activating mutations in driver genes (PIK3CA 27% , KRAS 8%, NRAS 4%, HRAS 2%) Hfi紅軟基地
HPV- :loss-of-function alterations in tumor suppressor genes (TP53 67%, CDKN2A 30%, PTEN 4%, SMAD4 3%) Hfi紅軟基地
median follow-up of 55 months, loss-of-function tumor suppressor gene mutations negatively interfere with efficacy of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemoradiation, whereas activating driver gene mutations define poor risk specifically in HPV-driven SCCHNHfi紅軟基地
Antitumor activity and safety of pembrolizumab  (MK-3475) in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Preliminary results from KEYNOTE-012 expansion cohort   ChicagoHfi紅軟基地
ORR(Objective Response Rate) was 18.2%Hfi紅軟基地
31.3% with stable diseaseHfi紅軟基地
Biomarker analysis is ongoing Hfi紅軟基地
Final overall survival analysis of EXAM, an international, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial of cabozantinib (Cabo) in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients with documented RECIST progression at baseline.   FranceHfi紅軟基地
是RET,VEGFR2和MET酪氨酸激酶的強(qiáng)效抑制劑,于2012年11月被美國FDA批準(zhǔn)用于MTC的治療Hfi紅軟基地
median follow up time  52.4 moHfi紅軟基地
N= 330Hfi紅軟基地
median OS  26.6 mo vs 21.1 mo  ( p = 0.241). Hfi紅軟基地
median OS  44.3 mo vs 18.9 mo  (p = 0.026) ,  For 126 pts with RET M918T mutationsHfi紅軟基地
Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib for the treatment of patients with 131I-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer with and without prior VEGFtargeted therapy.  LondonHfi紅軟基地
PFS 18.3 vs. 3.6 moHfi紅軟基地
2015.4 FDAHfi紅軟基地
Utilization and outcomes of low dose versus high dose cisplatin in head and neck cancer patients receiving concurrent radiation. MilwaukeeHfi紅軟基地
1,091 ptsHfi紅軟基地
LD (  ≤40 mg/m2) , HD ( ≥ 75 mg/m2) Hfi紅軟基地
The total cumulative dose 322.5 mg vs. 475.8 mgHfi紅軟基地
OS favoring the HD group(log rank test, p <0.001) Hfi紅軟基地
75% censored in both cohortsHfi紅軟基地
Differential impact of cisplatin dose intensity on human papillomavirus (HPV)-related ( + ) and HPV-unrelated ( - ) locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC). Canada    (retrospective)Hfi紅軟基地
Median follow-up was 4.3 yrsHfi紅軟基地
5 year OS was inferior for HPV( - )Hfi紅軟基地
CDDP ≤ 200    vs.  >200 mg/m2    (44 % vs 62%, p < 0.01)Hfi紅軟基地
But not to HPV( +)Hfi紅軟基地
A meta-analysis of weekly cisplatin versus three weekly cisplatin chemotherapy plus current radiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer. Yue Zhang    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaHfi紅軟基地
779 patients of 10 studiesHfi紅軟基地
Three weekly cisplatin CRT didn’t differ with weekly in OS and LRFS(locoregional recurrence-free survival)Hfi紅軟基地
A meta-analysis comparing cisplatin-based to carboplatin-based chemotherapy in moderate to advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). Qinyang Li, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaHfi紅軟基地
Patients with CDDP-based CT can achieve a higher OS, but there is no significant difference in LRCHfi紅軟基地
Bioradiotherapy for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma , PhiladelphiaHfi紅軟基地
68 patients Hfi紅軟基地
Median follow-up 30 monthsHfi紅軟基地
Phase II study with conventional radiotherapy + cetuximab in patients with advanced larynx cancer who responded to induction chemotherapy : An organ preservation TTCC study.  SpainHfi紅軟基地
93 patients ,  one armHfi紅軟基地
Median follow-up: 48 monthsHfi紅軟基地
LEDFS(the laryngo-esophageal dysfunction–free survival ) rate was clearly higher than the critical value and with an acceptable toxicity with this protocol, so it is warranted to move to a phase III trialHfi紅軟基地
The role of cetuximab in induction chemotherapy: Comparison of APF-C( nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU+ cetuximab) with APF, both followed by chemoradiation therapy (CRT), in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).   St. LouisHfi紅軟基地
Background: Cetuximab  improved OS in patients with HNSCC when added to definitive RT or to palliative chemotherapyHfi紅軟基地
60 pts Hfi紅軟基地
Two year OS and DSS(disease-specific survival) were similar between APF+C and APF, even when stratified for p16 status.Hfi紅軟基地
Concurrent chemoradiation using weekly versus tri-weekly cisplatin in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN): A comparative analysis.  AtlantaHfi紅軟基地
Out of 120 studies, 23 with a total of 2,303 patientsHfi紅軟基地
Weekly cisplatin combined with radiation in locally advanced SCCHN is comparable in efficacy and safety to tri-weekly based regimens. Hfi紅軟基地
總結(jié)Hfi紅軟基地
個(gè)體化治療,綜合和治療Hfi紅軟基地
對部分選擇的患者,誘導(dǎo)化療是可行的,在局部疾病控制、器官保留方面可以帶來益處,能降低遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生率,并有可能轉(zhuǎn)化為生存獲益Hfi紅軟基地
誘導(dǎo)化療仍缺乏有效的篩選標(biāo)記Hfi紅軟基地
靶向治療,特別是免疫治療未來會帶來突破Hfi紅軟基地
THANKSHfi紅軟基地
同步放化療隨機(jī)臨床試驗(yàn)支持幾種順鉑的使用方案(例如每周,每天,但大多數(shù)醫(yī)療中心采用高劑量順鉑治療(每3周100 mg/m2)Hfi紅軟基地
口腔癌Hfi紅軟基地
口腔癌Hfi紅軟基地
鼻咽癌Hfi紅軟基地
在頭頸部腫瘤中,它具有最高的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移傾向。局部晚期鼻咽癌在根治性放療(未行化療)后很容易出現(xiàn)孤性局部復(fù)發(fā)。區(qū)域復(fù)發(fā)不常見,僅占患者的10%~19%Hfi紅軟基地
治療前血清/血漿中EBV-DNA水平與早期鼻咽癌(I期和II期)的預(yù)后有關(guān),治療前血漿EBV-DNA水平越高,則治療后出現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)地轉(zhuǎn)移的概率越高Hfi紅軟基地
聯(lián)合使用放療和鉑類藥物化療已被證實(shí)腫瘤的局部控制率可以從54%增加到78%Hfi紅軟基地
鼻咽部腫瘤患者治療后,推薦的隨訪內(nèi)容包括定期體檢和甲狀腺功能的評估(每6~12個(gè)月檢測TSH水平)Hfi紅軟基地
在20%~25%的接受頸部放療的患者當(dāng)中可檢測出TSH水平增高Hfi紅軟基地
鼻咽癌Hfi紅軟基地
初始治療決策Hfi紅軟基地
手術(shù)Hfi紅軟基地
放療Hfi紅軟基地
同步放化療Hfi紅軟基地
新輔助化療Hfi紅軟基地
pembrolizumab是西妥昔單抗療效(10~13%)的約兩倍Hfi紅軟基地
EGFR-抑制劑在HPV-陽性腫瘤中療效不佳Hfi紅軟基地
pembrolizumab在HPV-陽性和HPV-陰性腫瘤中均有相似活性水平Hfi紅軟基地
緩解率可能低估患者的獲益比例Hfi紅軟基地
病情穩(wěn)定或即使最初經(jīng)歷疾病進(jìn)展的患者一旦接受免疫治療最終可能變?yōu)殚L期生存期的獲益Hfi紅軟基地
Nonetheless, interest in the role of induction chemotherapy was renewed several years ago for a few reasons Hfi紅軟基地
Advances in surgery, RT, and concurrent systemic therapy/RT have yielded improvements in local/regional controlHfi紅軟基地
 thus, the role of distant metastases as a source of treatment failure has increased and induction chemotherapy allows  greater drug delivery for this purposeHfi紅軟基地
Most randomized trials of induction chemotherapy followed by RT and/or surgery compared to locoregional treatment alone, which were published in the 1980s and 1990s, did not show an improvement in overall survival with the incorporationof chemotherapy.273Hfi紅軟基地
in selected patients, induction chemotherapy could facilitate organ preservation, avoid morbid surgery, and improve overall quality of life of the patient even though overall survival was not improved. Hfi紅軟基地
Because total laryngectomy is among the procedures most feared by patients,281 larynx preservation was the focus of initial studiesHfi紅軟基地
誘導(dǎo)化療治療頭頸鱗癌的爭議  上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第九人民醫(yī)院 鄭家偉 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2007-5-2 11:24:40     頭頸部由于特殊的解剖部位和復(fù)雜的功能,給惡性腫瘤的治療提出了挑戰(zhàn)。早期頭頸癌,無論采用手術(shù)或放療,均能獲得良好的效果,無需多手段治療;但遺憾的是,60%的頭頸癌就診時(shí)已屬晚期(III、IV期),5年生存率徘徊在10%~20%之間。Hfi紅軟基地
對大多數(shù)局部晚期、腫瘤無法切除及需器官保存的腫瘤患者,目前公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療是同期化放療。對腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)或遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的患者,如果腫瘤對鉑類或紫杉醇類藥物治療不敏感,則只能給予患者支持治療。Hfi紅軟基地
誘導(dǎo)化療(induction chemotherapy)是指手術(shù)或放療前進(jìn)行的化療,又稱為新輔助化療(neoadjuvant chemotherapy),作為腫瘤化學(xué)治療的一種方式,用于頭頸鱗癌已有近30年的歷史,但其在腫瘤治療中的確切作用一直頗受爭議。爭論的焦點(diǎn)是在提高局部控制率和生存率方面的確切作用,爭議產(chǎn)生的主要原因,是其理論上明顯的優(yōu)勢與以往臨床試驗(yàn)顯示誘導(dǎo)化療對患者生存率沒有明顯改善之間的矛盾。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的各種誘導(dǎo)化療方案的隨機(jī)對照試驗(yàn)(RCT)結(jié)果不一,有些稱顯著有效,有些則認(rèn)為無效,但多數(shù)研究認(rèn)為,PF誘導(dǎo)化療雖然暫時(shí)有效甚至顯效,但不能顯著提高這類患者的遠(yuǎn)期生存率。Hfi紅軟基地
屠規(guī)益教授認(rèn)為:從臨床醫(yī)師的角度而言,我們要求的是確實(shí)(有“根治性”)有效的實(shí)用方案,可以在臨床上重復(fù)應(yīng)用。迄今為止,化療在惡性腫瘤尤其是造血系統(tǒng)腫瘤的治療中已經(jīng)發(fā)揮了很大作用。但是,無論是新藥還是常規(guī)藥物、無論是單藥還是多種藥物聯(lián)合應(yīng)用、無論是單獨(dú)化療或綜合(放療、手術(shù))應(yīng)用,對頭頸鱗癌尚沒有確切的“根治性療效”,尚沒有確實(shí)可以加強(qiáng)其他治療手段的結(jié)果報(bào)告。建議目前臨床上不宜對頭頸鱗癌患者常規(guī)應(yīng)用化療作為根治性治療或輔助措施。China J Oral Maxillofac Surg,2006,4(3):162-165.Hfi紅軟基地
Marshall R. Posner 教授(Dana Farber癌癥研究所,波士頓  馬薩諸塞,美國)認(rèn)為:聯(lián)合應(yīng)用順鉑與5-氟尿嘧啶一直被視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新輔助治療,術(shù)前化療能夠降低腫瘤的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率,但其在提高患者生存率方面并沒有足夠證據(jù)。China J Oral Maxillofac Surg,2006,4(5):322-329.Hfi紅軟基地
目前的結(jié)論Hfi紅軟基地
誘導(dǎo)化療對提高腫瘤局部控制率的作用:最初將誘導(dǎo)化療應(yīng)用于頭頸晚期鱗癌的治療,目的是為了提高局部控制率,達(dá)到提高生存率的目的。但臨床研究中并沒有足夠的證據(jù)表明,誘導(dǎo)化療能夠有效提高手術(shù)對頭頸部鱗癌的控制率。這是因?yàn)榫植靠刂坡实奶岣,一方面依賴于誘導(dǎo)化療的療效,量效不夠的誘導(dǎo)化療、腫瘤對化學(xué)藥物的低反應(yīng)率反而影響了局部治療的效果;另一方面,頭頸晚期鱗癌是異質(zhì)性非常大的一族疾病群,手術(shù)治療的效果在很大程度上決定于患者的發(fā)病部位、病變范圍以及周圍的解剖關(guān)系。Hfi紅軟基地
誘導(dǎo)化療對遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的抑制作用:有效地減少遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率,是誘導(dǎo)化療對腫瘤治療的一大優(yōu)勢。Paccagnella等通過以順鉑和5-氟尿嘧啶為基礎(chǔ)的誘導(dǎo)化療治療晚期頭頸鱗癌,將3年遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率由38%降到14%(P=0.002)。退伍軍人事務(wù)部喉癌研究組(Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group)開展的通過誘導(dǎo)化療達(dá)到器官保留目的的III期隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)也發(fā)現(xiàn),PF方案(順鉑,第1天100mg/m2;第1~5天,5-氟尿嘧啶1000mg/m2持續(xù)輸注)的誘導(dǎo)化療組較少地發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。Hfi紅軟基地
術(shù)前誘導(dǎo)化療在頭頸腫瘤治療中的角色轉(zhuǎn)變Hfi紅軟基地
進(jìn)展1——新藥開發(fā)和聯(lián)合用藥方案:誘導(dǎo)化療的研究進(jìn)展主要表現(xiàn)在新藥的開發(fā)和聯(lián)合用藥方案的篩選,值得推薦的是紫杉醇類、順鉑和5-氟尿嘧啶三聯(lián)新誘導(dǎo)化療方案(TPF)的應(yīng)用。Vermorken等進(jìn)行的臨床III期試驗(yàn),評價(jià)了PF誘導(dǎo)化療方案(第1天,順鉑100mg/m2;第1~5天,5-氟尿嘧啶1000mg/m2 )與加入多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel)的TPF方案(第1天,多烯紫杉醇75 mg/m2,順鉑75mg/m2;第1~5天,5-氟尿嘧啶750mg/ m2)的療效。選擇358例無法手術(shù)切除的患者(PF組181例、TPF組177例)接受3個(gè)療程的誘導(dǎo)化療后進(jìn)行放射治療,三聯(lián)用藥有明顯高的總有效率(67.8%∶53.6%)及更長的無進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間和總生存時(shí)間,并且具有更好的耐受性和較低的中毒死亡發(fā)生率(5.5%∶2.3%),從而使誘導(dǎo)化療在頭頸癌中的作用得到重新認(rèn)識。Hfi紅軟基地
進(jìn)展2——同期化放療:過去20 年內(nèi), 大量的臨床隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)(RCT ) 表明,同期化放療(concomitant chemoradio therapy) 可顯著提高病人的無瘤生存率和總生存率, 減輕術(shù)后畸形, 并保存器官功能。最近的2 項(xiàng)Meta 分析已證實(shí)了上述觀點(diǎn)。 同期化放療與單純放療相比較,約提高10%~20%的生存率,但對遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率的控制效果較差。鄭家偉,邱蔚六,王中和. 同期化放療治療晚期頭頸癌.口腔頜面外科雜志, 2001,11(3): 241-244.Hfi紅軟基地
進(jìn)展3——西妥昔單抗:新近的研究表明,大多數(shù)頭頸鱗癌細(xì)胞過表達(dá)表皮生長因子受體(EGFR),此受體為酪氨酸激酶膜受體,能夠誘導(dǎo)血管生成,促進(jìn)腫瘤生長,且與腫瘤對治療的抵抗有關(guān)。針對EGFR,英克。↖mClone Systems)、百時(shí)美施貴寶(Bristol-Myers Squibb)和德國默克里昂制藥公司(Merck KgaA)聯(lián)合開發(fā)出新的抗癌藥物西妥昔單抗(Cetuximab,Erbitux,c225),2006年3月1日,該藥獲得美國FDA批準(zhǔn),允許上市和臨床使用,為晚期無法手術(shù)切除的頭頸鱗癌患者帶來了生存的希望。Hfi紅軟基地
作為一種單克隆抗體,Cetuximab的作用方式與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的非選擇性化學(xué)治療不同,因其特異性抑制EGFR。這種抑制會防止受體及隨之而來的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路被啟動,進(jìn)而減少腫瘤細(xì)胞對正常組織的侵襲以及腫瘤向新部位的擴(kuò)散。Cetuximab還能抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞修復(fù)化療和放療造成的損傷,并抑制腫瘤內(nèi)部新血管的形成,從多條途徑抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長。Hfi紅軟基地
西妥昔單抗對晚期結(jié)腸癌有效,也被FDA批準(zhǔn)用于化療失敗的復(fù)發(fā)性和(或)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的頭頸部鱗癌患者。法國 Gustave Roussy研究所的Bourhis等〔J Clin Oncol,2006,24(18):2866-2872〕在43例患者所做的II期臨床試驗(yàn)表明,Cetuximab聯(lián)合順鉑或卡鉑及FU對復(fù)發(fā)或發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的晚期頭頸鱗癌患者有效,患者耐受性好,總反應(yīng)率為36%。美國伯明翰亞拉巴馬大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部Bonner等〔N Engl J Med,2006,354(6):567-578〕在424例患者進(jìn)行的III期多中心臨床試驗(yàn)表明,與單純放療相比(中位生存時(shí)間29.3個(gè)月),西妥昔單抗聯(lián)合大劑量放射治療能夠顯著提高局部-區(qū)域晚期的頭頸鱗癌患者的生存時(shí)間(中位生存時(shí)間49.0個(gè)月),降低并發(fā)癥率。因此,對局部晚期病變,以及復(fù)發(fā)或發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的頭頸鱗癌患者,如果順鉑治療無效,則西妥昔或許為有效治療方法。Hfi紅軟基地
該藥常見的不良反應(yīng)主要包括輸注部位反應(yīng)(發(fā)熱和寒戰(zhàn))、皮疹、疲勞、不適和惡心等。Hfi紅軟基地
未來解決爭議的方法Hfi紅軟基地
(1)多中心、前瞻性RCT研究:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誘導(dǎo)化療與同期化放療的療效比較,三聯(lián)方案(PF+多烯紫杉醇或紫杉醇)與PF方案、同期化放療的療效比較,序列治療方案與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療的療效比較。Hfi紅軟基地
(2)循證醫(yī)學(xué)系統(tǒng)評價(jià):當(dāng)前比較迫切的任務(wù)是,對國內(nèi)外已發(fā)表的誘導(dǎo)化療治療晚期頭頸鱗癌的相關(guān)RCT論文進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)評價(jià)(利用 Revmanager軟件),獲得具有說服力的循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù),供廣大臨床醫(yī)師參考。Hfi紅軟基地
這些試驗(yàn)將可能為化療在局部晚期頭頸腫瘤患者治療中的作用,確立一個(gè)新的位置。隨著更為有效的全身用化療藥物的出現(xiàn),誘導(dǎo)化療的效果將會令人刮目相看。Hfi紅軟基地

顱底腫瘤ppt:這是顱底腫瘤ppt,包括了概述,顱神經(jīng),臨床表現(xiàn),治療,術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備,并發(fā)癥,護(hù)理要點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容,歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載。

縱隔腫瘤ppt:這是縱隔腫瘤ppt,包括了縱隔的解剖與分區(qū),縱隔腫瘤的好發(fā)部位,臨床表現(xiàn),診斷,治療等內(nèi)容,歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載。

腫瘤基因檢測ppt:這是腫瘤基因檢測ppt,包括了背景知識介紹,靶向用藥指導(dǎo)基因檢測,化療用藥指導(dǎo)基因檢測,常見腫瘤個(gè)體化用藥基因檢測,其他腫瘤產(chǎn)品等內(nèi)容,歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載。

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