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素材預(yù)覽
這是一個(gè)關(guān)于匆匆教案課件PPT,主要是寫了本文圍繞“匆匆”展開敘述,先寫日子一去不復(fù)返的特點(diǎn);再寫自己八千多個(gè)日子來去匆匆和稍縱即逝,作者思緒萬千,由景及人,嘆息不已。最后,作者發(fā)出內(nèi)心的感嘆等內(nèi)容。漢語詞語,意為十分急忙的樣子,或形容時(shí)間過得飛快。
匆匆教案課件PPT是由紅軟PPT免費(fèi)下載網(wǎng)推薦的一款語文課件類型的PowerPoint.
匆匆
作者簡介
朱自清,原名自華,字佩弦,號秋實(shí)
生于光緒二十四年十月初九( 1898年11月22日),逝于1948年8月12日
現(xiàn)代著名散文家、詩人、學(xué)者、戰(zhàn)士。原籍浙江紹興。
作品賞析
朱自清的散文詩《匆匆》寫于1922年3月28日。時(shí)是“五四”落潮期,現(xiàn)實(shí)不斷給作者以失望。但是詩人在彷徨中并不甘心沉淪,他站在他的“中和主義”立場上執(zhí)著地追求著。
全詩在淡淡的哀愁中透出詩人心靈不平的低訴,這也反映了“五四”落潮期知識(shí)青年的普遍情緒。
作品賞析
本文圍繞“匆匆”展開敘述,先寫日子一去不復(fù)返的特點(diǎn);再寫自己八千多個(gè)日子來去匆匆和稍縱即逝,作者思緒萬千,由景及人,嘆息不已。最后,作者發(fā)出內(nèi)心的感嘆。
文章的特點(diǎn):
一是結(jié)構(gòu)精巧,層次清楚,轉(zhuǎn)承自然,首尾呼應(yīng)
二是文字清秀雋永,純樸簡練
三是情景交融,無論是寫燕子、楊柳、桃花,還是寫太陽,都與“我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢”的感嘆融為一體,處處流露出作者對時(shí)光流逝感到無奈和惋惜。
譯者簡介
V1:張培基:中國翻譯界的權(quán)威專家,桃李滿天下,著作頗豐。張教授的翻譯風(fēng)格忠實(shí)凝煉,英文十分地道。
V2:張夢井:英語教授。碩士生導(dǎo)師。在語言學(xué)、翻譯學(xué)、交際學(xué)、社會(huì)和文化不等領(lǐng)域都有頗深的研究。
Outline
Part1.選詞忠于原文風(fēng)格與情感
Part2.選詞準(zhǔn)確譯出語義連貫譯文
Part3.句子結(jié)構(gòu)與句法處理
在默默里算著,八千多日子已經(jīng)從我手中溜去;象針尖上一滴水滴在大海里,我的日子滴在時(shí)間的流里,沒有聲音也沒有影子。我不禁頭涔涔而淚潸潸了
“ooze”和“trickle”
傳神地表達(dá)了作者因緊張、焦慮、羞愧而出汗和流淚的情景
“dripping”和“weeping”
表達(dá)了汗流浹背、滿頭大汗、淚眼滂沱的形象
太陽他有腳啊,輕輕悄悄地挪移了;我也茫茫然跟著旋轉(zhuǎn)
V1:The sun has feet too,edging away softly and stealthily. And,without knowing it,I am alerady caught in its revolution .
我覺察他去的匆匆了,伸出手遮挽時(shí),他又從遮挽著的手邊過去,
V1: Aware of its fleeting presence. I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my feet.
Fleeting: 短暫的;閃現(xiàn)的,一閃即逝的。
brushing past:擦過
V2:When I feel them go away so hurriedly, I reach out my hands only to hold them back before they are beyond my grasp.
hurriedly:倉促地,慌忙地
Fleeting& hurriedly
Fleeting: 能夠形象地表示出時(shí)間的短暫性,是轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的。就好像我們在說話的此刻,時(shí)間已經(jīng)一分一秒地過去,并且一去不復(fù)返。這是客觀的,使我們無法控制的。
Hurry :則給人一種急急忙忙的感覺,有主觀的意味在其中,無法表達(dá)出時(shí)光悄然而逝的意味,并且沒有美感!
在八千多日的匆匆里,除徘徊外,又剩些什么呢?
V1: What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering?
V2: In these over eight thousand hurried days, what has been left to me besides hesitation?
Hesitate&waver
這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含“猶豫,躊躇”之意。
Hesitate:普通用詞,一般指在決定干什么, 選擇什么或說什么等行動(dòng)之前猶豫不決。通常指某件具體的事情。
Waver:指因優(yōu)柔寡斷而遲遲不見行動(dòng),或雖作出決定,但行動(dòng)上卻猶豫不決,因此含畏縮不前之意。
V1---(張培基譯)
較準(zhǔn)確與傳神地譯出原文作者的情感:對時(shí)光逝去的無奈
用詞更具有美感,符合原文散文詩的特點(diǎn)。
V2---(張夢井譯)
有些選詞不能準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)作者的感情
部分選詞沒有美感
小結(jié)
原文風(fēng)格與感情不可忽視
文學(xué)翻譯要注意措辭的文學(xué)性, 創(chuàng)造性, 具有文學(xué)色彩
譯者必須心領(lǐng)神會(huì)原作的精神, 避免機(jī) 械地逐詞翻譯
譯者應(yīng)先捕捉原作的思想、感情、風(fēng)格、神韻, 然后運(yùn)用自己的匠心把它們表現(xiàn)在另一語言里。
題目 “ 匆 匆 ”V1:The Transient Days
V2:Days gone by
transient1.“transient”的暫短,轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝與文中主題“匆匆”意義相符——the days passed quickly without being conscious of them (在文中“匆匆”是表達(dá)了作者對時(shí)光匆匆流逝而感到無奈)2.“transient”一詞更能表達(dá)出對短暫的事物的無奈,感慨之情。如what a transient life! (多么短暫的生命!)
go by1.體現(xiàn)出的是“時(shí)間在逝去”,還有“追悔失去的美好日子” 之意,并未體現(xiàn)出作者想表達(dá)的“短暫,快”
我不知道他們給了我多少日子;但我的手確乎是漸漸空虛了。
V1:I don't know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away.
V2:I don't know how many days I have been given, but the in my hands are becoming numbered.
Wear away
1.(消逝,衰退,變光滑,變薄,磨。┮环N形象化的翻譯對應(yīng)了作者形象化的描述
2.“wear away”這個(gè)詞所表達(dá)的意思是一個(gè)過程,正好對應(yīng)了文中的“漸漸”二字
Numbered
1.此詞用在這里有點(diǎn)牽強(qiáng),作者寫此文時(shí)年僅二三十歲,用“時(shí)日無多”來形容顯得有些不妥。
2.用此詞翻譯使文章失去了味道
聰明的你,告訴我,我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢?
V1:But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return?
V2:But please tell me, genius, why then have my days gone and never returned?
Wise
1.作為形容詞在意思上和原文符合
2.多用于文學(xué)作品中
3.韻律
Genius
1.意思上與原文有出入
2.口語化
我的日子滴在時(shí)間的流里,沒有聲音也沒有影子。
V1: ……my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace.
V2:……my days been dripping into the river of time, quietly and invisibly.
Stream
1.不管從直譯的角度,還是意譯的角度這個(gè)詞都符和文意。Stream這個(gè)詞多用于文學(xué)作品中。
2.這個(gè)詞有比喻性
River
1.一個(gè)很正規(guī)的詞,無比喻性,使翻譯出來的文章缺乏美感
2.指大事件的時(shí)間流
在逃去如飛的日子里,在千門萬戶的世界里的我能做些什么呢?
V1:Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life?
V2:In these swiftly escaping days, what can I do in this world amongst thousands of households?
Teeming millions
1.用teeming millions,來再現(xiàn)原文的“千門萬戶”,
與原文的夸張形容達(dá)到吻合
2. 屬貌不似而神似
Thousands of households
1.所用的詞語貌似忠實(shí)于原文,實(shí)際上僅有語言形式的對應(yīng),而非思想內(nèi)涵的等值,是脫離語境,導(dǎo)致理解出現(xiàn)偏差,所以譯文未能達(dá)意
小結(jié)
語言中一詞多義的詞語很多,詞語的意義是不固定的,在不同的場合會(huì)有不同的意義,詞語按不同的方式組合起來也會(huì)產(chǎn)生意義的變化,只有使它進(jìn)入句子這樣的符號鏈中,或者在特定的上下文中,其意義才能得到確定。
從翻譯的角度來看,脫離上下文,就無法譯出語義連貫的譯文,因此在翻譯實(shí)踐中,必須結(jié)合具體的語境進(jìn)行得體的選詞,而不是把詞孤立于語境之外,盲目地尋找字面上的“等值”。
老舍
搞創(chuàng)作的有遣字造詞的自由,搞翻譯的卻沒有;翻譯工作者必須隨著原文走,不能望生義,隨便添減。
于是——洗手的時(shí)候,日子從水盆里過去;吃飯的時(shí)候,日子從飯碗里過去;默默時(shí),便從凝然的雙眼前過去。
V1.Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have meal; passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.
狀語后置,主語只出現(xiàn)一次 復(fù)合英文習(xí)慣,整個(gè)句子緊密連接,層次感強(qiáng),簡潔
V2.When I wash my hands, my days wash off into my basin; when I am eating, the days vanish from my bowl; and when I am sitting silently, my days pass by my gazing eyes.
狀語前置,主語出現(xiàn)了三次 按照中文習(xí)慣,死板地照搬中文的平行結(jié)構(gòu),拖沓
是有人偷了他們罷:那是誰?又藏在何處呢?是他們自己逃走了:現(xiàn)在又到了哪里呢?
V1. Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and who could be hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at present moment?
虛擬語氣 表示了作者的懷疑、不相信,點(diǎn)明了時(shí)間的一維性、一去不復(fù)返性
V2.If some people have stolen them, then who are they? And where are they hidden? If they have escaped by themselves, then where are they now?
真實(shí)條件句 雖然是表示假設(shè),但與文章主旨不符
但不能平的,為什么偏要白白走這一遭呢?
V1.Why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing?
被動(dòng)語態(tài) 與《圣經(jīng)》中上帝造物觀點(diǎn)一致,符合西方人觀念,易于讀者理解
V2.But,this is unfair to me…why did I come to this world for nothing?
主動(dòng)語態(tài) 比較漢語化,不符合西方人觀念
由于表達(dá)習(xí)慣上的差異,英語往往習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表達(dá),
而漢語則用主動(dòng)語態(tài)來表達(dá)。翻譯時(shí)經(jīng)常進(jìn)行語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換是十分必要的。
從語法角度看,在未明確主語的前提下用被動(dòng)語態(tài)更佳
過去的日子如輕煙卻被微風(fēng)吹了,如薄霧,被初陽蒸融了。{一個(gè)主語,兩個(gè)賓語,謂語采用被動(dòng)式,并列分句}
V1.The bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mist, have been evaporated by the rising sun.
句子成分與漢語相同,兩個(gè)并列分句句式相同
V2. The past days like light smoke are blown away with the breeze or like a thin layer of mist evaporate with the morning sun.
兩個(gè)并列分句句式相異,后句采用了主動(dòng)式,變賓語為狀語
小結(jié)
“翻譯時(shí)并不是所有的平行或?qū)Φ冉Y(jié)構(gòu)都要‘對等的’譯過去,否則譯文會(huì)變得邋遢又啰嗦,也不能表達(dá)出原文的深層含義”
——張培基
由于表達(dá)習(xí)慣上的差異,英語往往習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表達(dá),而漢語則用主動(dòng)語態(tài)來表達(dá)。翻譯時(shí)經(jīng)常進(jìn)行語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換是十分必要的。從語法角度看,在未明確主語的前提下用被動(dòng)語態(tài)更佳
reference
談譯文的形式與內(nèi)容--比較張培基和張夢井翻譯的朱自清散文《匆匆》
《實(shí)用漢英翻譯教程》外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
《漢英翻譯基礎(chǔ)》 上海外語教育出版社
A Course in Chinese-English Translation
http://bbs.englishcn.com/viewthread.php?tid=12212
《張培基先生和他的翻譯》
Thank you ^^
附:《匆匆》原文及兩個(gè)譯文
燕子去了,有再來的時(shí)候;楊柳枯了,有再青的時(shí)候;桃花謝了,有再開的時(shí)候。但是,聰明的,你告訴我,我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢?——是有人偷了他們罷:那是誰?又藏在何處呢?是他們自己逃走了:現(xiàn)在又到了哪里呢?
我不知道他們給了我多少日子;但我的手確乎是漸漸空虛了。在默默里算著,八千多日子已經(jīng)從我手中溜去;象針尖上一滴水滴在大海里,我的日子滴在時(shí)間的流里,沒有聲音也沒有影子。我不禁頭涔涔而淚潸潸了!
去的盡管去了,來的盡管來著,去來的中間,又怎樣的匆匆呢?早上我起來的時(shí)候,小屋里射進(jìn)兩三方斜斜的太陽。太陽他有腳啊,輕輕悄悄地挪移了;我也茫茫然跟著旋轉(zhuǎn)。于是——洗手的時(shí)候,日子從水盆里過去;吃飯的時(shí)候,日子從飯碗里過去;默默時(shí),便從凝然的雙眼前過去。我覺察他去的匆匆了,伸出手遮挽時(shí),他又從遮挽著的手邊過去,天黑時(shí),我躺在床上,他便伶伶俐俐地從我身邊垮過,從我腳邊飛去了。等我睜開眼和太陽再見,這算又溜走了一日。我掩著面嘆息。但是新來的日子的影兒又開始在嘆息里閃過了!
在逃去如飛的日子里,在千門萬戶的世界里的我能做些什么呢?只有徘徊罷了,只有匆匆罷了;在八千多日的匆匆里,除徘徊外,又剩些什么呢?過去的日子如輕煙卻被微風(fēng)吹散了,如薄霧,被初陽蒸融了;我留著些什么痕跡呢?我何曾留著象游絲樣的痕跡呢?我赤裸裸來到這世界,轉(zhuǎn)眼間也將赤裸裸地回去罷?但不能平的,為什么偏要白白走這一遭。俊
你聰明的,告訴我,我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢?
1922年3月28日
張培基譯文
Transient Days
If swallows go away,they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and who could be hide them?Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at present moment? I don't know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. Counting up silently, I find that more than 8.000 days have already slipped away through my fingers.Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. At the thought of this ,sweat oozes from my forehead and tears tickle down my cheeks.
What is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming. How swift is the transition in between! When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun cast two or three squnrish patches of light into my small room.The sun has feet too,edging away softly and stealthily.And,without knowing it,I am alerady caught in its revolution .Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I hane meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie. Aware of its fleeting presence. I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my feet.By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again ,another day ia already gone.I have a sign,my head buried in my hands.But,in the midst of my sights,a new day is flashing past. Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life ? What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? the bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mist,have been vaporated by the rising sun. What traces have I left behind? No ,nothing,not even gossamer-like traces.I have come to this world stark naked, and in the twinkling of an eye,I am go to back as stark naked as ever. However, I am taking it very much to heart: why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all? O you the wise, would you tell me please: why should our days go by never to return?
張夢井譯文
Days Gone By
When the swallows have gone, there is still time to return; when the poplar and willow trees have become withered, there is still time to see green; when the peach flowers have already faded, there is still time to blossom. But please tell me, the genius, why then have my days gone and never returned? If some people have stolen them, then who are they? And where are they hidden? If they have escaped by themselves, then where are they now? I don't know how many days I have been given, but the in my hands are becoming numbered. Counting silently, eight thousand days have slipped by. Just like water drops a pinpoint dripping slowly into the vast ocean, my days been dripping into the river of time, quietly and invisibly. I can’t help dripping with sweat and weeping many tears.
Although the goings have gone and the comings are constantly coming, how hurried is the time between? When I get up in the morning, I see two or three ribbons of light streaming into my room. The sun also has feet; it moves away on tiptoe and I follow it aimlessly. When I wash my hands, my days wash off into my basin; when I am eating, the days vanish from my bowl; and when I am sitting silently, my days pass by my gazing eyes. When I feel them go away so hurriedly, I reach out my hands only to hold them back before they are beyond my grasp. When it is dark, I lie upon my bed and watch days cleverly jump over my body or fly away from my feet. When I open my eyes to meet the sun again, another day has gone by. I cover my face and sigh, but the spark of a new day begins to flash away in my breath. In these swiftly escaping days, what can I do in this world amongst thousands of households? I can do nothing but hesitate and hurry. In these over eight thousand hurried days, what has been left to me besides hesitation? The past days like light smoke are blown away with the breeze or like a thin layer of mist evaporate with the morning sun. And what mark have I left in the world? When have I ever left a mark as tiny as a hairspring? I came to this world naked, soon I’ll leave here naked too. But, it's unfair to me. . . why did I come to this world for nothing? You, the genius, please tell me why our days have gone by and have never returned?《匆匆》語文教案PPT:這是一個(gè)關(guān)于《匆匆》語文教案PPT,主要是初讀課文,1、找出自己喜歡的句子,說說為什么喜歡。聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,和同學(xué)說說自己的理解和感受。學(xué)著朱自清先生的寫法,也抓住自己身邊的小事,賦予時(shí)間生命,讓我們感受到時(shí),歡迎下載《匆匆》語文教案PPT。辦一期關(guān)于珍惜時(shí)間的手抄報(bào)。(內(nèi)容主要有:珍惜時(shí)間的現(xiàn)代詩歌、古代詩詞、名言警句、故事等)
《匆匆》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)PPT:這是一個(gè)關(guān)于《匆匆》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)PPT,主要是了解說說課文主要寫的是什么?你在預(yù)習(xí)過程中碰到了什么問題?讀下面的詞語,聯(lián)系課文理解意思?偨Y(jié)全文,作者一開始就向我們提出問題,但并沒有直接作出回答,而是通過具體例子向我們描述了日子來去匆匆。最后照應(yīng)開頭,發(fā)出時(shí)光匆匆的感慨。歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載《匆匆》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)PPT哦。朱自清(1898—1948)原名自華,字佩弦。中國現(xiàn)代著名詩人、散文家、學(xué)者、民主戰(zhàn)士。中國著名的詩人和杰出的散文家。他的著作十分有特色,影響很大。朱自清是在 “五四”浪潮的推動(dòng)下,開始文學(xué)生涯的,直至逝世。
《匆匆》教學(xué)PPT:這是一個(gè)關(guān)于《匆匆》教學(xué)PPT,主要是初讀課文,了解作者簡介,1、注意生字新詞;2、劃出自己最喜歡的或 認(rèn)為含義深刻的句子。找出描寫時(shí)間來去匆匆的相應(yīng)段落。作者在最后一段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)要珍惜時(shí)間,并與首段遙相呼應(yīng)。閱讀思考 1、作者在這篇文章中想要告訴我們的主要意思是什么?2、文章每一段講的是什么內(nèi)容?3、你讀懂了哪些內(nèi)容?你有哪些讀不懂的問題?歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載《匆匆》教學(xué)PPT哦。我赤裸裸來到這世界,轉(zhuǎn)眼間也將赤裸裸的回去罷?但不能平的,為什么偏要白白走這一遭啊?
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